Gravitational Lensing Picture
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This lens produces multiple copies of a blue galaxy about twice as distant.
A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter such as a cluster of galaxies between a distant light source and an observer that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observerthis effect is known as gravitational lensing and the amount of bending is one of the predictions of albert einsteins general theory of relativity.
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Gravitational lensing picture. While gravitational lensing has existed throughout history its fairly safe to say that it was first discovered in the early 1900s. Gravitational lens as observed by the hubble space telescopein this picture a galactic cluster about five billion light years away produces a tremendous gravitational field that bends light around it. A gravitational lens is created when a massive object like a black hole or galaxy cluster falls in between an observer like the hubble telescope and a more distant target in the background. By evaluating the strong lensing phenomenon astronomers can look to the early universe dominated mostly by quasars.
This effect called gravitational lensing is only visible in rare cases and only the best telescopes can observe the related phenomena. Nasas hubble space telescope captured the first ever picture of a group of five star like images of a single distant quasar. This creates multiple images of the background quasar some smeared into. Gravitational lensing acts as a coordinate transformation that distorts the images of background objects usually galaxies near a foreground mass.
Refsdal establishes the quasi newtonian approximation formalism for lensing. It is based on the assumptions that gravitational elds are weak and that bending angles are. The multiple image effect is produced by a process called gravitational lensing in which the gravitational field of a massive object bends and amplifies light from an object farther behind it. Hubbles sensitivity and high resolution allow it to see faint and distant gravitational lenses that cannot be detected with ground based telescopes whose images are blurred by the earths atmosphere.
Stars and planets can cause gravitational lensing effects although those are hard to detect. The transformation can be split into two terms the convergence and shearthe convergence term magnifies the background objects by increasing their size and the shear term stretches them tangentially around the foreground mass. Today it is used to study many phenomena and objects in the distant universe. Much of the attention in gravitational lensing has been centered on microlensing and weak lensing but there have been some use of the strong lens in helping to solve the dark matter mystery.